Use the following command to kill a unix process:

kill -9 `ps -ef | grep <process-name> | grep -v grep | awk ‘{print $2}’`

For example,

kill -9 `ps -ef | grep GrantDownloadByID | grep -v grep | awk ‘{print $2}’`

There are no system recovery discs included with the computer. The recovery data required to return the computer to the original, factory-installed condition is included on a special partition of the hard drive. The following procedure can be used to create a set of recovery discs from that data, which can be used to restore the recovery partition and return the computer to the original, factory-installed condition in case this is ever necessary.

IMPORTANT:

• Rewritable media can be used to create the recovery discs, but are not recommended.
• Do not interrupt the power during the recovery process.
• The number of discs needed to create the set varies by model.

NOTE:The recovery discs are not a backup utility. To save personal data and software installed after purchase or since the last system recovery, use the Backup and Restore Center provided with the Microsoft® Windows Vista™ operating system.

1. Ensure all open programs are closed.
2. Ensure all network connections are disconnected.
3. Ensure all peripheral devices are disconnected.

   NOTE:If the computer uses an external CD/DVD drive, ensure the drive is plugged in according to the instructions in the VAIO User Guide.

4. From within the VAIO Recovery Center application, under Choose a program, click Create Recovery Discs.

   NOTE:The VAIO Recovery Center can be accessed from within Windows Help and Support. Click Backup & Recovery, then click Launch VAIO Recovery Center.

5. Next to Create Recovery Discs window, click the Start button.
6. In the When recovery discs are needed window, click the Next button.
7. In the Choose your media window, click the Next button.

   NOTE:Although an option is provided for creating Dual Layer (DL) discs, that option will not produce usable discs on this model. Ensure the Create recovery disc(s) using… DVD(s) option remains selected before clicking Next.

8. Insert a blank, recordable DVD into the DVD drive.
9. In the Insert a blank disc window, click the OK button.
10. Insert a new disc when necessary as instructed.
11. When all the disks have been created, click the Finish button.

    NOTE:After the recovery discs have been created the first time, any disc can be created again by selecting the disc from the list and clicking Next.

NIH recognizes Clemson nanotechnology for molecule tracking

CLEMSON — The National Institutes of Health has awarded two Clemson chemistry faculty members nearly $1 million to detect, track and image the interior of cells. Jason McNeill and Ken Christensen will receive the $960,000 grant to develop polymer dot nanoparticles for tracking single molecules in live cells.

The development of techniques for following individual molecules within cells is important because scientists could use this technology to determine the body’s defenses against invading viruses and bacteria or how proteins operate within the cell. The technology also could help doctors pinpoint the exact location of cancer cells in order to better focus treatment and minimize damage to healthy tissue. Other possible targets of investigation include plaques and fibrils in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s disease and mad cow disease.

For the last decade, scientists around the globe have worked to develop and refine highly fluorescent nanoparticles that light up when bathed with laser light, enabling scientists to pinpoint the location of an individual molecule inside a living cell or tissue.

Recently, Clemson chemists developed novel, highly fluorescent nanoparticles called “polymer dots” that can be attached to individual proteins, DNA or invading microbes. According to chemist Jason McNeill, the polymer dot particles are hundreds or thousands of times brighter than conventional fluorescent dyes.

“We were initially interested in developing polymer semiconductor nanoparticles for making inexpensive, highly efficient solar cells and light-emitting displays. When we aimed a laser at the particles in a microscope, we were surprised to see individual particles light up very brightly,” said McNeill.

“When I heard about these extremely bright particles, my group was very interested in working with Dr. McNeill to push this technology into live cell imaging,” said Christensen. “Biology is often driven by new discoveries in chemistry and physics and these polymer dots will definitely impact our studies of cellular biology.”

The two chemists credit the highly collaborative, multidisciplinary environment at Clemson as a key factor in this new frontier in nanotechnology.

Details of the nanoparticle technology were recently presented at the 2007 national meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston and have been published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Langmuir and in the Journal of Physical Chemistry.

Editors: This material is based upon work supported by the NSF/EPSCoR under grant numbers 2001RII-EPS-0132573 and 2004RII-EPS-0447660, NSF CAREER grant number CHE-0547846 and NIH grant number 1R01GM081040. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the National Institutes of Health.